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Prominent Lebanese | President Amine Gemayel
President Amine Gemayel
Place and Date of
Birth: Gemayel, the eight president of the Lebanese Republic, was born in
Bikfaya, Lebanon, on January 22, 1942, into a Christian Maronite family. He is the
son of Sheikh Pierre Gemayel, founder of the Phalange (Kataeb) Party in 1936, and Genvieve
Gemayel, and the brother of Bashir, who was elected President on August 23, 1982, and
assassinated three weeks later on September 14,1982.
Marital Status: Married in December 1967 to Miss Joyce Tiyan, with three
children: Nicole, Pierre (MP) and Sami.
Career in Brief
Gemayel graduated from Saint-Joseph University in 1966 with a law degree, and started
practicing as attorney at law. In 1970 at the age of 28, he was elected to the Lebanese
parliament, and became thus the youngest member. On September 21,1982, he was elected
President of the Lebanese Republic by 77 votes out of 80. His term of office ended in
September 1988, ( Six years as per the Lebanese Constitution ). He then joined the Center
for International Affairs at Harvard University as fellow and lecturer (1988-1989). He was
also affiliated with the University of Maryland as a distinguished visiting professor.
From 1990 to July 2000, he resided in Paris as a self-exiled leader of the opposition, and
lectured extensively on Lebanon and the Middle East in various countries worldwide. Since
July 2000, he lives and pursues his political agenda in Lebanon.
Challenges
Unlike his brother Bashir, Amin was never active in the Phalangist militia, and not
directly involved in the Lebanese Civil War. Amin was considered as a moderate, and at his
accession many Muslims hoped that he represented an end to the dominance o Phalange Party
extremists. The problems Amin had to face were grave: Two foreign armies occupied large
parts of the country (hence these areas were out of his jurisdiction), and there was
extensive violence all over. In the north, pro- and anti-Syrian groups fought each other,
and in the Israeli-dominated Chouf area, Phalangists and Druze faced each other. Even in
the government-controlled areas in central Lebanon, many militia groups were fighting each
other. A central dilemma to his politics was the need of meeting the demands from the
Muslims, without destroying the support from his own Christians. Balancing the interests
towards Syria was another challenge, as, while he was steered to power by them, he lost
their support after two years.
Career Highlights
1- Dissolved in 1982 the Arab Deterrent Force, which legitimized Syrian military presence
in Lebanon,
2- Addressed in September 1983 a letter to Syrian President Hafez El Assad
requesting the withdrawal of Syrian forces from Lebanon.
3- Annulled in 1987 the 1969 Cairo Agreement, which legitimized the Palestinian military
presence in Lebanon, and allowed the PLO to train, bear arms, and use Lebanon as a staging
base to attack Israel.
4- Called upon the Israeli government to implement UN Security Council Resolutions 425 and
426.
5- Opposed the Tripartite Accord, which aimed at consolidating Syria's influence in
Lebanon.
6- Under his command, the Lebanese government headed by Chafic Wazzan notified, on
September 9, 1983, the United States and the governments of Europe that the Syrians and
the Palestinians were the major forces participating in the onslaught on the Lebanese
mountain with the intent of bringing down the legal government of Lebanon.
7-Rectified in 1983 the May 17 Accord.
8- Sent the Army in February 1984 against Shiite strongholds in West Beirut, but failed to
bring them under government control. Instead, the Lebanese army started to split on
sectarian lines.
9- Prevented constitutional void by appointing on September 22, 1988, an interim military
cabinet headed by General Michel Aoun to ensure constitutional continuity until a new
president was elected
Cultural and Social Reaching
In 1976, Amine Gemayel created the INMA Foundation, a non-profit organization, which
brings together a number of institutions dealing with social, political, and economic
issues concerning Lebanon and the Middle East. One of these is Beit-al-Mustakbal, (House
of the future), which is a combination of think-tank and research center, publishing a
quarterly journal in three languages called, Haleeyat (Panorama of Events), was the first
computerized research institute in the Middle East and North Africa. He also published in
1977 the "Panorama de L'actualite" quarterly magazine dealing with Lebanese and
Middle Eastern Affairs, and, in 1980, the "Reveil" French daily newspaper.
Publications:
1- Peace and Unity (Colin and Smythe, 1986).
2- L'Offence et le Pardon (Gallimard, 1988) - reflections on the events in Lebanon.
3- Mediation d'espoir (J.C. Lattes, 1990) - a collection of lectures delivered in the
United States in 1989.
4- Le Liban: Construire Lavenir (Hachette, 1992) .
5- Rebuilding Lebanon's Future, (Harvard University,C.F.I.A, 1992).
Contact Information: Bikfaya Residence, Tel: 04-980000. Beirut address:
Sin El-Fil, Horsh Tabet, Amir Bashir Street, Amin Gemayel Building, Near Hayek Hospital,
Tel: 01-510550.
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